Injection engine



H. M. LEONARD INJECTION ENGINE Filed June 2. 1927 with andvaporized with air, or exhaust gas,

Patented- Dec. 8, -1931 HOWARD MRLEONARD, 0F SOUTH BEND,

INDIANA, l.essreNoR To GERNANDT Moron CORPORATION, `OIE' CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, CORPORATION QE ILLINOIS "Applicationmed June 2,

This .invention relates to engines, and is illustratedv as embodied in a two-cycle internal combustion .engine vof the injection type. An objectof the invention is to provide simple but eHicient means for injection of the fuel, the fuel preferablybeing mixed or other fluid medium. y

-*One feature of the/invention relates to injecting the fuel mixture through a narrow annular space formed around the head of a novel distributing device, shown as being threaded into the side. wall of the engine cylinder and with the fuellmixture forced under pressure behind the head and around the head into the engine. cylinder for ignition by the h ot compressed air contained therein at that time.

Another feature leakage .around .the fuel plunger, by forming the plunger of sections' yieldingly forced ,against lthe surrounding cylinder Wall, and

having novel operatingmeans includin a packing of" bearing metal or the like seallngthe joint between the two sections. .The above and other objects and features .of the inventlon, including various novel structions of the parts,

combinations and desirable particular conwill be apparent from the following description of one illustrative embodiment shown in, vthe accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a vertical section through part of the upper portion of the engine cylinder and piston, and through the novel fuel-injectingmeans;

Figure 2 isla partial section on the line 2 2 of Figure 1, showing the distributing device in elevation;

Figure 3 is a view corresponding to Figure 1, but showing a modified form of fuel distributor and a modified form-of compression plunger; i 2 o v Figure 4 is a section corresponding 'to Figure 2, but lon the line 4-4 of Figure 3, and showing the modified fuel distributor in elevation.; and t Figure 5 is a partial section corresponding to a portionfof Figure lor Figure 3, but

has to do with preventing- INJECTION ENGINE 1927. serial No. 195,960.

showinga different modification of the fuel distributing device.

The engine illustrated in Figure 1 includes an engine cylinder 10, in which is arranged an engine piston 12 of any desired form. According to one. feature of the invention, there is in the side Wall cess cooperating with the head of a novel distributin v device 1'4," which head is slightly smaller than the recess s o that there is yan annular space between ythem through which the fuel mixture is forcedas a hollow cylindrical spray into the engine cylinder. The distributing device 14 has projections 16 onthe back of its head, and is threaded into the cylinder wall until these projections prevent further movement, thus defining behind the head a space or fuel pocket 18 into which a passage 20 opens.

Adjacent and paralleling the engine cylinder, there is a compression cylinder containing a novel fuel-injecting plunger including longitudinally separated sections'22 and 24,.

be-urged apart against thecylino f the engine cylinder a rethe mixed fuel' and air orlexhaust gas is forced around this reduced plunger portion with a great deal ofturbulence, thus aiding in vaporizing the fuel. I

At their lower ends, sections 22 and 24 are formed with registering semifspherical recesses receiving a semi-spherical head 30 on an operating plunger 32 reciprocated by a cam or an eccentric or the like. Above the head 30 there is a packing 34, preferably of softmetal such as hard babbitt, which Ais forcedagainst the Walls of the semi-spherical recesses with a wedging action when it is compressed by head 30 on the compression stroke of the plunger, aiding the springs 26 in forcing the sections 22 and 24against the cylinder wall and also sealing the joint between the sections and preventing seepage of fuel downwardly between the sections.

In operating, during the downward stroke of the plunger, a charge of fuel is introduced into the compression cylinder above the plunger by any suitable means (not shown). At the en'd of this downward stroke, the upper end of the plunger glears the passage 20 just before the end of the power stroke of piston 12, so that hot exhaust gas under considerable pressure fills the compression cylinder above the plunger, and during the upward stroke of the -plunger the fuel is vaporized inlthis gas by the heat contained in the gas, aiding the heat of compression. At the end of the upward stroke, and just before piston 12 reaches the end of its upward stroke in compressing the` air charge, passage 28 discharges the fuel through the annular space around the distributing device 14, into the engine cylinder, where the fuel is at once ignited.

In the arrangement of Figures 3 .and 4, thereis a distributing vdevice 36 having a conical head, and which can be turned to adjust the size of the annularl s ace around the head, and which may be ormed with cross passages 38 if desired. The head of the device 36 is slotted-for engagement with a screw driver. v

The plunger, in this arrangement, not only has a reduced portion 40 at its extreme end,

- tions as in lilgure 1.

but also ,a portion slightly smaller in diameter than the cylinder, as shown at 42, to

provide an annular space communicating by radial passages 44 with a central longitudinal passage' 46 leading, by'a cross passage 48, to the side of the plunger, the plunger in this-case being in one piece instead of in seci When the plunger reaches the upper end of its stroke, passage 48 registers with a passage 50 opening into the space behind the head of the distributor 36. This fuel-feeding meansoperates in the same general manner as that of Figures 1 and 2. In Figure 5 is shown a slightly diHerent form of distributor 54.` j I While several illustrative constructions have been ydescribed in detail, it is not myl intention to limit the scope of the invention to those particular constructions, or otherwise than by the terms of the appended claims. I

I c lail'n:

1. Fuel-injecting means comprising, in combination with an engine cylinder, a distributing device having a head cooperating with a part of the Wall of the cylinder tol form an annular injection spacefsaid device neath said head and thence4 through said annular space into the engine cylinder.

2. Fuel-injecting means comprising, in combination with an engine cylinder having a cup-shaped recess in its side wall, a distributing device having a cylindrically shaped head fittingwithin said recess and cooperating therewith to form an annular injection space, a compression' cylinder communicating with the space behind said head, and a plunger in the compression cylinder for forcing fuel through the annular space into the engine cylinder.

3. Fuel injection means comprising, in combination with an engine cylinder having a cup-shaped recess,in its side wall, a distributing device threaded into the cylinder wall, said device provided with a cylindricallyl shaped head of smaller diameter than the recess in the cylinder wall to define an annular injection space for fuel therethrough.

4. Fuel injection means comprising, in combination with an engine cylinder having a cup-shaped recess in its side wall, a distributing device having a -cylindrically shaped head of smaller diameter than said recess and fitting therein to provide an annular injection space for the fuel to be forced therethrough, said cylindrically shaped head provided on its side neXt-to the cylinder with projections contacting with the bottom of the aforementioned recess.

5. A vdistributor for fuel injection' unit comprising a shank for securing thc distributor in a recess, a disc portion adapted to deflect fuel around its periphery, and a projection on the disc forming a stop adapted to contact with the bottom 'of the recess and cause the disc to form one wall of a fuel passageway.

InA testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name.

HOWARD M. LEONARD.

provided with means contacting said wall to t definitely define said space together with means for forcing fuel under pressure be? 

